Figure NBC fire training program
Firing weapons is only part of overall NBC training. Soldiers must first be familiar with NBC equipment, its use, and proper wear before they progress to learning the techniques of MOPP firing. Trainers must consider the impact of MOPP equipment hood or mask, gloves, overgarments on the soldier's ability to properly apply the fundamentals of marksmanship and combat firing skills. a. Operation and Function Modification. Handling the rifle, performing operation and function checks, loading and...
Table A Training aids and devices
Rifle, M16A1 Part I, Care, Cleaning, Lubrication Rifle, M16A1 Part II Field Expedients Engagement of Moving Personnel Targets with the M16A1 Rifle Team from the Foxhole Position TVT 7-1 Teaching Rifle Marksmanship Part I TVT 7-2 Teaching Rifle Marksmanship Part II
Peer Coaching
Peer coaching is using two soldiers of equal firing proficiency and experience to assist coach each other during marksmanship training. Some problems exist with peer coaching. If the new soldier does not have adequate guidance, a blind-leading-the-blind situation results, which can lead to negative training and safety violations. However, when adequate instruction is provided, peer coaching can be helpful even in the IET environment. Since all soldiers in units have completed BRM, peer coaching...
Mechanical Training
This training program Figure 4-1 introduces the soldiers to BRM and teaches them how to maintain, operate, and correct malfunctions on an M16- M4-series weapon. It also teaches peer coaching responsibilities and sight manipulation while emphasizing safety. Introduction to Basic Rifle Marksmanship and Mechanical Training Period 1 4 hours Instructional Intent Introduce the soldiers to BRM and teach them how to maintain, operate and correct malfunctions on a M16- M4-series weapon. Teach peer...
PHASE I Basic Rifle Marksmanship BRM Preliminary Rifle Instruction PRI
Introduction to BRM and mechanical training 4 hours Disassembly and assembly Identify parts Function check Load unload magazine Ammunition types and care Load unload weapon Correct malfunctions SPORTS Adjust front and rear sights Eight cycles of function and trouble shooting Marksmanship Fundamentals I 6 hours The four fundamentals Basic firing positions Range and safety procedures Dominant eye training Demonstrate the integrated act of shooting during dry fire exercises Marksmanship...
Figure A M sighting device
5 Blank Firing Attachment BFA , M15A2 M23. The BFA Figure A-4 attaches to the muzzle of the M16- M4-series weapons. It is designed to keep sufficient gas in the barrel of the weapon to allow semiautomatic, automatic, or burst firing with blank ammunition M200 only . After firing 50 rounds, the attachment should be checked for a tight fit. Continuous blank firing results in a carbon buildup in the bore, gas tube, and carrier key. When this occurs, the cleaning procedures in TM 9-1005-249-10 or...
Instructional Intent Rej
Soldiers learn how to engage targets using the quick-fire techniques. Special Instructions Ensure M16A1 rear sight is set on the unmarked aperture. Ensure M16A2 A3 A4 and M4-series weapon's rear sight is set on the 0-2 aperture. Soldier is given two 10-round magazines. Soldier engages 10 target exposures of 2 seconds each at 15 meters using the first 10-round magazine. Soldier moves to the 25- meter line and engages 10 target exposures of 2 seconds each at 25 meters using the second 10-round...
Preliminary Marksmanship Instruction
As with all other forms of marksmanship training, PMI must be conducted to establish a firm foundation on which to build. Soldiers must be taught, and must understand, the fundamentals of SRM described in paragraph 7-23. Blank fire drills are conducted to ensure a complete and through understanding of the fundamentals as well as to provide the trainers with valuable feedback as to the level of proficiency of each soldier. It is important during this training to emphasize basic force protection...
Marking Targets
A soldier observes two enemy riflemen moving into completely concealed positions, one behind a bush and the other into a depression. By selecting a point of aim on the bush, the soldier should hit the enemy rifleman even though he can't see him. If the target cannot be engaged the aiming point also allows for quick and accurate engagement once a target is re-exposed. The enemy rifleman who moved into the depression provides no distinguishable aiming point. The soldier must then select a nearby...
Figure A Engagement skills trainer
a. Background. The EST 2000 matches leading edge technology with user requirements and is designed to meet the small-arms training requirements by providing a realistic training environment, targets, weapons effects, and challenging scenarios. b. Authorization. The EST 2000 is an Infantry School and TRADOC approved TADSS supported by PEO-STRI formerly STRICOM and has a life cycle support sustainment plan. c. Funding. The EST 2000 is a centrally-funded training simulator supported by the...
Conduct Of Shortrange Marksmanship Training
Short-range marksmanship requires individual infantrymen to be trained to standard in reflexive firing, target discrimination, and on all necessary BRM fundamentals prior to semi-annual qualification. An explanation of the base level proficiency requirements is provided with each course of fire. As a minimum, infantrymen should be qualified on their individual weapon within the previous six months. Shotgun and automatic firing is required for annual familiarization only. Reflexive MILES...
Table A Equipment data
c. Operation. Figure A-11 shows the Weaponeer in the standing supported firing position. The rifle, with the exception of smoke and cartridge ejection, operates normally, and has the same weight and balance as the standard weapon. An infrared aiming sensor simulates round trajectory and hit point to an accuracy of better than one-minute-of-angle. The recoil rod that attaches at the muzzle end of the rifle simulates recoil. Recoil is provided in both semiautomatic and automatic modes of fire,...
Figure ANPVS on the MAseries weapons
b. M4 M4-MWS-Series Weapons Figure 2-39 . The Picatinny rail grabber with a mounting adapter 1 on the bottom of the AN PVS-4 is aligned with a notch on the integrated rail 2 of the M4 M4-MWS-series weapons ensuring the AN PVS-4 is positioned to accommodate an effective firing position once the eyecup is depressed. The AN PVS-4 will not retain zero if the rail grabber extends beyond the end of the integrated rail when mounted. Tighten the torque-limiting knob clockwise until it clicks twice....
The Four Fundamentals
The soldier must understand and apply the four key fundamentals before he approaches the firing line. He must establish a steady position allowing observation of the target. He must aim the rifle at the target by aligning the sight system, and fire the rifle without disturbing this alignment by improper breathing or during trigger squeeze. These skills are known collectively as the four fundamentals. Applying these four fundamentals rapidly and consistently is the integrated act of firing. a....
Modified Supported Firing Position
Once the basic firing skills have been mastered during initial training, the soldier should be encouraged to modify positions, to take advantage of available cover, to use anything that helps to steady the rifle, or to make any change that allows him to hit more combat targets. The modified prone firing position uses sandbags to support the handguard and frees the nonfiling hand to be used on any part of the rifle to hold it steady Figure 7-5 . Figure 7-5. Modified supported firing position....
ADVANCED OPTICS LASERS AND IRON SIGHTS Phase V of Basic Rifle Marksmanship
Basic rifle marksmanship taught effective engagement of the enemy with the basic rifle or carbine using iron sights to engage targets primarily during the day. Advanced rifle marksmanship added other marksmanship situations that a combat soldier may encounter. This chapter discusses how to enhance marksmanship skills, with proper training, using the Army's newest optics and lasers to ensure the soldier can fight as well at night as he can during the day. 8-1. TRAINING STRATEGIES AND...
Section I ADVANCED FIRING POSITIONS
After mastering the four marksmanship fundamentals in the two basic firing positions, the next step is to master the four fundamentals while firing from a variety of advanced firing positions. The following paragraphs demonstrate the most common firing positions a soldier may be required to fire from. The firer's position may change but the application of the remaining three fundamentals applied from a stable position never changes. Ultimately, any firing position that aids the firer in...
Section VI SHORTRANGE MARKSMANSHIP TRAINING
Short-range marksmanship SRM training provides the individual soldier with the ability to quickly and effectively engage targets at ranges less than 50 meters. A soldier's ability to successfully identify, discriminate, and engage targets during short-range combat SRC is essential for soldier survival and mission accomplishment. Although normally associated with UO, SRM techniques are also used during operations in restrictive terrain such as clearing a trench line, the final assault across an...
Figure A The MA aiming card NSN
3 Riddle Sighting Device. The Riddle sighting device Figure A-2 indicates if the soldier understands the aiming process while using the rifle. It is a small plastic plate with a magnet and a drawing of an E-type silhouette target. A two-man team is required for its use. The soldier assumes a supported or prone firing position. The assistant places the Riddle device on the front sight assembly and adjusts the plastic plate at the direction of the firer until he reports the proper sight picture....
Figure Suppressive fire training program
a. Nature of the Target. Many soldiers have difficulty delivering effective suppressive fire when they cannot see a definite target. They must fire at likely locations or in a general area where the enemy is known to exist. Even though definite targets cannot be seen, most suppressive fire should be well aimed. Figure 7-13 shows a landscape target suitable for suppressive fire training. When this type of target is used, trainers must develop a firing program to include areas of engagement and...
Alternate Prone Firing Position
This position is an alternative to both prone supported and unsupported firing positions Figure 7-1 . The firer can assume a comfortable position while maintaining the same relationship between his body and the axis of the rifle. This position relaxes the stomach muscles and allows the firer to breathe naturally. Figure 7-1. Alternate prone firing position. Figure 7-1. Alternate prone firing position.
M Closecombat Optic
The M68, close-combat optic CCO is a reflex nontelescopic sight Figure 2-23 . It uses a red dot aiming point and is designed for the two-eyes-open method of sighting. The M68 can be shot with one eye open as well. The dot follows the horizontal and vertical movement of the gunner's eye while remaining fixed on the target. A one-time retightening of the torque-limiting knob is recommended after the first three rounds are fired to fully seat the M68. No centering or focusing is required beyond 50...
Malfunctions
Malfunctions are caused by procedural or mechanical failures of the rifle, magazine, or ammunition. Pre-firing checks and serviceability inspections identify potential problems before they become malfunctions. This paragraph describes the primary categories of malfunctions. a. Failure to Feed, Chamber, or Lock. A malfunction can occur when loading the rifle or during the cycle of operation. Once the magazine has been loaded into the rifle, the forward movement of the bolt carrier group could...
Figure Backup iron sight
b. Once installed and zeroed, the BIS should be left in the stowed position for best durability and minimal interference unless its use is eminent Figure 2-22 . It provides a sighting capability when all other accessories have been removed, and it can be used to establish approximate zeros for other sighting components without requiring live fire. Zeros established using this method are only effective to approximately 20 meters and should be refined by a live-fire zero. Figure 2-22. BIS in the...
Warning
When firing the weapon at high rates of sustained fire the barrel and metal components of the RAS can become hot enough to inflict serious burns. Cover exposed metal portions of the rail with the plastic rail covers. Use the vertical pistol grip during heavy sustained fire. NOTES 1. Keep the bottom, left, and right unused rail sections covered with full-length 11 -rib rail cover heat shield sections. If any accessories are mounted on a rail, cover the remaining rail surface with an...
Figure A Weaponeer printouts
e. Use of the Weaponeer. In BRM, the Weaponeer is used to evaluate the firer's ability to apply the four fundamentals. It is used throughout the program to help diagnose and remediate problems. In the unit, the Weaponeer should be used much like it is used in BRM. Concurrent use of the Weaponeer at the rifle range provides valuable remedial training. 1 The preferred training configuration for the Weaponeer is shown in Figure A-14 on page A-18. One trainer operates the system while three to six...
Effects Of Wind And Gravity
Marksmanship instructors-trainers should know how the effects of wind and gravity influence the flight of the bullet, and soldiers should know how to compensate for such bullet displacement. This instruction is appropriate for all marksmanship training and concurrent training. a. Effects of Gravity. Gases created by gunpowder push each round out the end of the barrel. The barrel must be elevated slightly to allow the round to travel farther, creating an arc. The round will travel straight until...
Anpaqbc Infrared Aiming Light
The AN PAQ-4B C infrared aiming light Figure 2-27, page 2-18 projects an infrared laser beam that cannot be seen with the eye but can be seen with night vision devices. This aiming light works with the AN PVS-7-series goggles and the AN PVS-14. The AN PAQ-4B C mounts on various M16- M4-series weapons with mounting brackets or rail grabbers. Figure 2-27. AN PAQ-4B C infrared aiming light. Figure 2-27. AN PAQ-4B C infrared aiming light. a. M16A1 A2 A3 Rifle Figure 2-28 . The armorer must install...
Moving Target Techniques
The two primary techniques of engaging moving targets are tracking and trapping. a. Tracking is a more accurate technique of engaging targets by experienced firers. It involves establishing and maintaining an aiming point in relationship to the target and maintaining that sight picture moving with the target while squeezing the trigger. As the target moves, this technique puts the firer in position for a second shot if the first one misses. b. Trapping is the setting up of an aiming point...
Anpvs Night Vision Sight
The AN PVS-4 night vision sight is a portable, battery-operated electro-optical instrument used for observation and aimed fire of weapons at night Figure 2-37, page 2-24 . It amplifies reflected light, such as moonlight, starlight, and sky glow, so that the viewed scene becomes clearly visible to the operator. The AN PVS-4 does not emit visible or infrared light except from the eyepiece that can be detected by the enemy. It can be used on the M16A2 rifle, M4 carbine, and M4 modular weapon...
Ballistics
Commanders and marksmanship trainers must understand some aspects of ballistics to teach the principles of zeroing and engagement of long-range targets. Ballistics is a science dealing with the motion and flight characteristics of projectiles. The study of ballistics in rifles is divided into three categories internal, external, and terminal. Internal ballistics concerns what happens to the bullet before it leaves the muzzle of the rifle. External ballistics deals with factors affecting the...
Firing Positions
During preliminary marksmanship instruction only the basic firing positions are taught. The other positions are added later in training to support tactical conditions. The two firing positions used during initial training are the individual foxhole supported firing position and the basic prone unsupported firing position. Both offer a stable platform for firing the rifle. They are also the positions used during basic record fire. a. Individual Foxhole Supported Firing Position. This position...
Cycles Of Functioning
The soldier must understand the rifle components and the mechanical sequence of events during the firing cycle. The eight cycles of functioning feeding, chambering, locking, firing, unlocking, extracting, ejecting, and cocking begin after the loaded magazine has been inserted in the weapon. a. Feeding Figure 4-3, page 4-4 . As the bolt carrier group moves rearward, it engages the buffer assembly and compresses the action spring into the lower receiver extension. When the bolt carrier group...
Training Aids And Devices
Training aids and devices must be included in a marksmanship program. This chapter lists those available andprovides information on how to obtain them for marksmanship training. This paragraph provides the classification and nomenclature for training aids, devices, and targets. a. Classifications. Information on the classification of various training resources with a general description is listed in Table A-1. Charts handout cards, diagrams, posters, overhead transparencies, 35-mm slides, and...
Figure M mounted on the MAMseries weapons
c. M16A4 and M4-Series Weapons with M68 and AN PVS-14 Figure 2-26 . This combination is an effective passive means of engaging targets during hours of limited visibility. The brightness knob on the M68 should be on the lowest setting that presents the red dot clearly when viewed through the AN PVS-14. The soldier must consider the following factors The AN PVS-14 should be mounted where the firer can acquire a good sight picture while performing the integrated act of shooting. The M68 can be...
Borelight
The borelight Figure 2-40 is an eye-safe laser that is used to zero aiming lasers, such as the AN PAQ-4 or AN PEQ-2, without a 25-meter confirmation. The borelight has four settings OFF the borelight is not in use GOGGLE when using NVGs this mode is selected when using the borelight in a tactical environment LOW used during normal operations and PULSE used during dry-fire training mode . The borelight will also boresight optics and iron sights to ensure the first shot group hits the 25-meter...
Table A Classification of resources
b. Training Support Center. Training support centers TSCs are located throughout the world and are the POCs for training aids and devices. Each TSC provides training aid services to customers in their geographic area of support to include active Army units and schools, Reserve Components, and ROTC units. NOTE For more information concerning TSC operations, write Commander, United States Army Training Support Center, ATTN ATIC-DM, Fort Eustis, VA 23604. c. Training Devices and Exercises. Several...
Figure ANPAQBC or ANPEQA training program
a. Concept. Two training strategies have been devised to adequately train soldiers in the use of the AN PAQ-4B C and AN PEQ-2A infrared aiming laser devices. The night initial training strategy is used for soldiers who have little or no previous experience with night vision goggles, or for units beginning a night-training program. The night sustainment training strategy is for soldiers who are familiar with night vision goggles, and for units that have already implemented a night-training...
Figure A Targetbox paddle DVCT
f The shot-group exercise provides a chance for the trainer to critique the soldier on his aiming procedures, aiming consistency, and placement of shot groups. Assuming the rifle and paper remain stationary and the target man properly marks the three shots, the only factor to cause separation of the dots on the paper is error in the soldier's aiming procedure. When the soldier can consistently direct the target into alignment with the sights on this exercise, he should be able to aim at the...
Anpeqa Target Pointerilluminatoraiming Light
The AN PEQ-2A target pointer illuminator aiming light TPIAL Figure 2-30, page 2-20 is a Class Illb laser that emits a highly collimated beam of infrared light for precise aiming of the weapon as well as a separate infrared illumination beam with adjustable focus to illuminate shadowed areas. The AN PEQ-2A can be used during force-on-force training in the low power modes only. High power modes can only be used on live-fire ranges exceeding 220 meters. The AN PEQ-2A is used in conjunction with...
Phase I Reflexive Fire Training
Reflexive fire training provides the fundamental skills required to conduct short-range marksmanship. It involves the practical application of all four of the fundamentals of SRM. All soldiers must receive a go on the task Conduct Reflexive Firing, before proceeding with training. Reflexive firing should be conducted as refresher training as often as possible to insure that soldier's skills are always at the highest possible level. This is a perishable skill that must be constantly reinforced....
Figure Unit marksmanship sustainment strategy TRAINING PHASES
The procedures and techniques for implementing the Army rifle marksmanship training program are based on all soldiers understanding common firing principles, being proficient marksmen, and being confident in applying their firing skills in combat. This depends on understanding the rifle and applying marksmanship fundamentals. Unit leaders accomplish proficiency through supervised practice by qualified instructors trainers and thorough objective performance assessments. During preliminary rifle...
Rail Adapter System
The M4 rail adapter system RAS Figure 2-14 consists of a set of lightweight sections that replace the standard handguards on the M4 carbine. The M5 RAS is standard issue on the M16A4. The RAS provides a secure mounting point for various accessories that may be mounted top, left and right. The user may only remove the lower assembly to perform preventive maintenance checks and services PMCS . Accessories may be mounted on the right side of the RAS but, currently, are not supported with 10- and...
Kneeling Unsupported Firing Position
This position is assumed quickly, places the soldier high enough to see over small brush, and provides a stable firing position Figure 7-3 . The nonfiling elbow should be pushed forward of the knee so the upper arm is resting on a flat portion of the knee to provide stability. The trailing foot should be placed in a comfortable position. Figure 7-3. Kneeling unsupported firing position. Figure 7-3. Kneeling unsupported firing position.
Characteristics
The M16- M4-series weapons are 5.56-mm, magazine-fed, gas-operated, air-cooled, shoulder-fired weapons. This section describes the general characteristics Table 2-1 and the components of the M16- M4-series weapons. Table 2-2 page 2-2 shows the characteristics of various accessories. Barrel rifling-right hand 1 twist inches Cyclic rate of fire rounds per minute Burst 3-round bursts rounds per minute Table 2-1. Characteristics of the M16- M4-series weapons. Table 2-1. Characteristics of the M16-...
Figure A Weaponeer set up in the standing supported position
1 The Weaponeer range can be raised or lowered to accommodate all firing positions. The target assembly contains four targets a scaled 25-meter zero target and three pop-up targets are standard. E-type and F-type silhouettes at ranges from 75 meters can be used on the Weaponeer. Known-distance and various other types of targets can be used and be displayed in fixed or random sequences. Target exposure times may be set to unlimited or from 1 to 30 seconds. The fall-when-hit mode can be selected...
Figure Moving target engagement training program
The fundamentals needed to hit moving targets are similar to those needed to hit stationary targets. The main skill is to engage moving targets with the least changes to procedures. Soldiers in combat do not know if their next target will be stationary or moving, they must fire immediately at whatever target occurs. a. The fundamentals for engaging stationary targets steady position, aiming, breath control, and trigger squeeze are also used to engage moving targets. Considering the environment...
Figure meter boresight target and meter zero offset AMMUNITION TYPES AND
This paragraph provides information on different types of standard military ammunition used in the M16- M4-series weapons Figure 2-42, page 2-28 . Use only authorized ammunition manufactured to U.S. and NATO specifications. Figures 2-43 through 2-47 pages 2-28 through 2-30 show ammunition trajectory data. a. Cartridge, 5.56-mm, Ball, M193. The M193 cartridge is a center-fire cartridge with a 55-grain, gilded metal-jacketed, lead alloy core bullet. The M193 round is the standard cartridge for...
Figure M zeroed at meters M rezeroed at meters
b If an M16A2 A4 rifle has been zeroed at 25 meters using M855 ammunition and M193 ammunition is fired without re-zeroing, then the difference in the impact of the round on target varies between ammunition as shown in Table 5-6 and Figure 5-36. Table 5-6. M855 zeroed at 25 meters M193 fired using M855 zero. Table 5-6. M855 zeroed at 25 meters M193 fired using M855 zero. - -Bullet Location M855 Bullet Location M193 Figure 5-36. M855 zeroed at 25 meters M193 fired using M855 zero. NOTE Both the...